Abstract
Since our previous publication1 significant progress has been made to further mature the application of Fiber-Optic (FO) based Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for production and injection profiling. A considerable number of new field surveys were conducted to further improve the evaluation algorithms or workflows which convert the DAS noise recordings into flowrates from individual zones. For gas producing wells, a new graphical user-interface has been developed that allows the user to visualize and QC the data in real time. Additional flow and visualization software have been developed for single phase gas producers to enable the user to select and evaluate the data in a user-friendly manner using the most up-to-date evaluation algorithms.
There are still improvements to be made in enabling Distributed Sensing infrastructure, such as handling and evaluation of very large data volumes, seamless FO data transfer, the robustness & cost of the FO system installation, and the overall integration of FO surveillance into traditional workflows. It will take some time before all these issues are addressed but we believe that FO based applications will play a key role in future well and reservoir surveillance.
In this paper we present two recent examples of single-phase flow profiling using DAS. The first example is from a single-phase gas producer in one of the Unconventional plays in North America and the second example is from a long horizontal, smart polymer injector operated by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO).
Introduction
In oil and gas field development there is often a lack of high quality Well and Reservoir Surveillance (WRS) data for quality decision making; leaving significant reservoir or well performance uncertainties potentially leading to suboptimal reservoir development. The need for frequent and good quality surveillance data is highest in complex reservoir developments such as Unconventional plays, waterflooded reservoirs, Thermal and Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects. One of the reasons that well surveillance data is not acquired in practice is that it often causes significant production deferment. Another reason is that often the data gathering surveys are expensive or create large operational risks associated when using conventional logging methods, particularly in high rate, highly deviated or long horizontal producer wells. In some cases, the small diameter production tubing limits access to the well with conventional logging tools.
